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Imperative mandate (Ukraine)
Imperative mandate ((ウクライナ語:Імперативний мандат)) commonly refers to a provision in the Constitution of Ukraine in which members of the Verkhovna Rada (Ukrainian parliament) are bound by the constitution and laws of Ukraine to remain members of the parliamentary faction or bloc in which they were elected. Imperative mandate provisions were defined in the Constitution in articles Articles 78 and 81.
==History==
The provision was introduced in the Constitution during the 2004 Constitutional Amendments on December 8, 2004.〔(Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe: The functioning of democratic institutions in Ukraine ), Kyiv Post (October 5, 2010)〕
On October 1, 2010 the Constitutional Court of Ukraine overturned the 2004 Constitutional Amendments, considering them unconstitutional.〔(Update: Return to 1996 Constitution strengthens president, raises legal questions ), Kyiv Post (October 1, 2010)〕 Several individual joined other factions already on October 5, 2010.〔(Seven individual MPs join Regions Party faction, Our Ukraine MP joins Lytvyn Bloc )〕 But the Verkhovna Rada canceled the law's provision after amending the regulations of its activities on October 8, 2010;〔(Rada Approves Cancellation Of Rule That Bans Deputies From Switching Factions ), FINANCIAL (October 8, 2010)〕 since then only 15 or more deputies can form a parliamentary faction, a lawmaker can join only one faction (the chairman and his two assistants cannot head factions of deputies)〔〔(Rada amends regulations of its activities ), Kyiv Post (October 8, 2010)〕 and deputies who are expelled from factions or decide to leave them become individual lawmakers; individual deputies are allowed to unite into parliamentary groups of people's deputies then again at least 15 deputies are required for the formation of such groups.〔〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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